Journal of Parasitology, 88 (2), 287–294.īolek, M.G., Szmygiel C., Kubat, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (2002) Seasonal occurrence, morphology, and observations on the life history of Gordius difficilis (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) from southeastern Wisconsin, United States. (2002) Systematic relationships of Nematomorpha based on molecular and morphological data.

(2012) Two new Gordionus species (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae) from the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 21 (1), 18–25.īegay, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., Bolek, M.G. (1853) Description of some new species of Entozoa from the collection of the British Museum. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 73, 75–77.īaird, W. (1905) Note on the hair-worms in oriental and European folklore. (2021) Field and laboratory observations on the life history of Gordius terrestris (Phylum Nematomorpha), a terrestrial nematomorph. (2019) A new species of Gordius (Phylum Nematomorpha) from terrestrial habitats in North America. Combining our morphological and phylogenetic investigations, we discuss the lack of clarity in diagnostic morphological characters and the need for additional global collections to clarify the taxonomy of Gordionus.Īnaya, C., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., Hanelt, B. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 10 species of Gordionus and one species of the closely related genus Parachordodes indicates that Gordionus is not monophyletic. Also, we provide the first descriptions of the cyst stage for the genus Gordionus. Our morphological and molecular characterization indicated all the samples belong to the species Gordionus wolterstorffii, a common nematomorph found throughout Europe. A single specimen from the Faroe Islands National Museum represents a new species record. Additionally, specimens acquired from the Icelandic Institute of Natural History indicate nematomorphs are common in Iceland.

Recent surveys in Iceland using freshwater gastropods as biodiversity indicators resulted in the collection of adult free-living hairworms and their non-adult stages including cysts in snail paratenic hosts and juvenile worms in ground beetle definitive hosts. No species of freshwater Nematomorpha have been described from Iceland, but they have been identified anecdotally.

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